body,div,dl,dt,dd,ul,ol,li,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,pre,form,fieldset,input,textarea,p,blockquote,th,td{margin:0;padding:0}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}fieldset,img{border:0}address,caption,cite,code,dfn,em,strong,th,var{font-style:normal;font-weight:400}ol,ul{list-style:none}caption,th{text-align:left}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-size:100%;font-weight:400}q:before,q:after{content:''}abbr,acronym{border:0}div.aligncenter,.aligncenter,.center{margin:0 auto}.alignleft,.left{float:left;text-align:left}.alignright,.right{float:right;text-align:right}img.aligncenter,img.center{clear:both;display:block}img.alignleft,img.left{display:inline;margin:0 8px 8px 0}img.alignright,img.right{display:inline;margin:0 0 8px 8px}.wp-caption{border:1px solid #ddd;text-align:center;background-color:#f3f3f3;padding-top:4px;-moz-border-radius:3px;-khtml-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;-border-radius:3px}.wp-caption img{margin:0;padding:0;border:0 none}.wp-caption p.wp-caption-text{font-size:11px;line-height:17px;padding:0 4px 5px;margin:0}table#wp-calendar{margin:0 auto;width:98%}table#wp-calendar tbody tr{text-align:center}table#wp-calendar tbody tr td#today{outline:1px solid}table#wp-calendar tbody tr td a{font-weight:700}table#wp-calendar tfoot tr td#prev{text-align:left}table#wp-calendar tfoot tr td#next{text-align:right}li.widget_rss ul li cite{font-style:italic}li.widget_rss ul li cite:before{content:'~ '}li.widget_text{margin:10px 0 20px 4px;overflow:hidden}li.widget_text div.textwidget div.wp-caption{margin:0}li.widget_text div.textwidget div.wp-caption a img{height:auto;width:98%}.widget form select{left:0;position:relative;width:235px}div.tagcloud{text-align:center;padding:0 15px}*{margin:0;padding:0}*:focus{outline:none}.aligncenter{text-align:center}.clear{clear:both}body{margin:0;padding:0;font-family:Verdana,Trebuchet,Helvetica,Arial,Jamrul,sans-serif;font-size:100%;line-height:21px;color:#635537}a:link,a:visited{color:#d21600;text-decoration:none}a:hover{text-decoration:underline}a:focus,a:active{color:#d21600;text-decoration:none}a img{border:none}abbr,acronym{border-bottom:dashed #000 1px;cursor:help}address{font-family:monospace;margin:0 10px 10px}blockquote{clear:both;color:#606060;background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/quotes.png) no-repeat left 2px;font-style:italic;margin:10px 35px 0 5px;padding:10px 0 0 40px}blockquote>blockquote{margin:0}blockquote cite{font-style:italic}blockquote cite:after{content:' ~';font-weight:700}blockquote cite:before{content:'~ ';font-weight:700}code{font-style:italic;margin:0;overflow:auto;text-align:left;white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word}dl{margin:10px}dl>dl{margin:10px 10px 0}dt{font-weight:700}dd{text-indent:10px}em,em strong{font-style:italic}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-weight:400;line-height:normal}h1{font-size:200%;padding-bottom:2px}h2{font-size:150%;padding-bottom:11px;padding-top:15px}h3{font-size:130%;padding-bottom:10px;padding-top:14px}h4{font-size:100%;padding-bottom:10px;padding-top:12px}h5{font-size:80%;padding-bottom:10px;padding-top:11px}h6{font-size:70%;padding-bottom:10px;padding-top:10px}.hr,.desk-mess-mirrored{background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/hr-img.png);background-size:100% auto;border:none;height:40px;margin:0 auto;width:100%}ol li{list-style:decimal inside none}ol li li{list-style:lower-roman inside none}ol li li li{list-style:lower-alpha inside none}ul,ol li ul li,ul li ol li ul li{list-style:disc inside none}ul li ul li{list-style:circle inside none}ul li ul li ul li{list-style:square inside none}ol,ul li ol li,ol li ul li ol li{list-style:decimal inside none}ol li ol li{list-style:upper-alpha inside none}ol li ol li ol li{list-style:lower-roman inside none}p{margin:0;padding:10px 0}pre{background-image:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/pre-bg.png);border:1px inset;font-style:italic;margin:0;overflow:auto;padding:5px;text-align:left;white-space:pre-wrap;word-wrap:break-word}pre code{background-image:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/pre-bg.png)}q:before,q:after{content:'"'}strong,strong em{font-weight:700}sub,sup{font-size:65%}table{margin:0 auto;width:100%}table caption{text-align:center}tr.even{border:none;border-bottom:1px solid #b2b0a4;border-top:1px solid #b2b0a4}th{font-weight:700}td{padding-left:5px}#header-container{margin:auto;padding:0;width:990px}#header{height:295px;position:relative}#header a:link,#header a:visited,#header a:hover,#header a:focus,#header a:active{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}#headerleft{background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/left-pile.png) no-repeat;float:left;height:463px;margin-left:-195px;margin-top:-195px;position:relative;width:640px;z-index:1100}#logo{background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/logo-bg.png) no-repeat;float:left;height:227px;margin-left:-93px;position:relative;top:-10px;width:360px}#logo h2{color:#d21600;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","Times New Roman",Georgia,serif;font-size:215%;margin:20px 0 0 24px;min-width:280px;text-align:center}#logo p{color:#e95f00;font-size:130%;margin-left:45px;max-height:75px;max-width:300px;padding:0;text-align:center}#cup{background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/cup3m.png) no-repeat;float:right;height:395px;margin-right:-135px;margin-top:-100px;position:relative;width:400px;z-index:1090}div#top-navigation-menu{clear:both}.nav-menu{height:55px;left:20px;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;text-transform:uppercase;top:-40px;z-index:1000}.nav-menu a,.nav-menu a:hover{border:none;display:block;text-decoration:none}.nav-menu li{background:transparent url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/menu_button.png) top left no-repeat;float:left;height:61px;list-style:none outside none;margin-left:2px;margin-right:2px;text-align:center;min-width:99px;position:relative;white-space:nowrap}.nav-menu a,.nav-menu a:visited{color:#84500e;display:block;padding:20px 12px}.nav-menu a:hover,.nav-menu a:active{color:#d21600;text-decoration:none}ul.nav-menu,ul.nav-menu li,ul.nav-menu ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}ul.nav-menu{position:relative;z-index:1097;float:left}ul.nav-menu li{float:left;zoom:1}ul.nav-menu li.hover,ul.nav-menu li:hover{position:relative;z-index:1099;cursor:default}ul.nav-menu ul{visibility:hidden;position:absolute;top:100%;left:0;z-index:1098;width:auto}ul.nav-menu ul li{background:transparent url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/menu_button.png) repeat scroll 0 0;float:none}ul.nav-menu ul ul{left:99%;top:1px}ul.nav-menu li:hover>ul{visibility:visible}ul.nav-menu ul.sub-menu li,ul.nav-menu ul.children li{list-style:none}.widget_nav_menu ul.sub-menu li{background:0 0;list-style:disc inside none;padding:0 0 0 15px}#wrapper{background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/main-page-middle.png) repeat-y;margin:0 auto;position:relative;width:977px}#mainwrap{margin:0 auto;width:990px}#maintop{background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/main-page-top.png);height:113px;margin:0 auto;position:static;width:977px}#content{clear:both;width:940px;margin:0 0 0 35px}#main-blog{float:left;padding:15px 10px 10px;width:580px}#main-blog h1 a{font-size:70%;padding-bottom:2px}#main-blog h1 a,#main-blog h1 a:visited,#main-blog h1 a:active{border-bottom:1px solid #b2b0a4;color:#4a4131;text-decoration:none}#main-blog h1 a:hover{border-bottom:1px solid #d21600;color:#d21600;text-decoration:none}div#main-blog ul li.page_item,div#main-blog div#contact-us ul li{list-style:disc inside none;padding-left:10px}.page div#main-blog ul li{list-style:disc inside none}.page div#main-blog ul.commentlist li{list-style:none inside none}.page div#main-blog ul li.comment{list-style:none inside none}.page div#content div#main-blog ol li ol{padding-left:20px}.page div#content div#main-blog ol li ul{padding-left:20px}.page div#content div#main-blog ul li ol{padding-left:20px}.page div#content div#main-blog ul li ul{padding-left:20px}.page-shortlink{text-align:right}.postdata{color:#4a4131;font-size:80%;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;margin-bottom:10px}.post{border-bottom:3px double;margin-bottom:10px}.post ul{margin-left:35px;margin-bottom:15px}.post ol{margin-left:35px;margin-bottom:15px}.post dl{margin-left:5px;margin-bottom:10px;border-right:1px inset;border-bottom:1px inset}.post dl dt{font-weight:700}.post dl dd{margin-left:10px}p.single-meta{font-size:79%;padding:0;text-align:right}p#wp-link-pages{font-size:90%}.sticky{border:medium double #000;padding:5px}#author_link{font-weight:700;font-style:italic;padding-left:10px}#author{font-style:italic;padding:5px;text-align:left}#author ul{list-style:none none}.post-comments{background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/commentbck.png) no-repeat;float:right;font-size:130%;font-weight:400;height:40px;padding:18px 0 0 20px;width:40px}.post-comments a:link,.post-comments a:visited,.post-comments a:active{color:#4a4131;text-decoration:none}.post-comments a:hover{color:#d21600;text-decoration:none}.post-comments span{padding-left:4px}.rss{background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/rssicon.png) no-repeat 0 50%;padding-left:20px;padding-top:1px}.transparent{zoom:1;filter:alpha(opacity=25);opacity:.25}.glyph{position:relative}.glyph a:hover{text-decoration:none}.glyph+.post-comments+h1,.glyph+.post-comments+h1+.postdata{padding-right:65px}.format-aside .glyph{float:left;top:41px}.format-aside.sticky .glyph{top:47px}.format-aside h1,.format-aside .postdata{text-align:right}span.aside-glyph{font-family:"Times New Roman",Georgia,Arial,serif;font-size:1000%}.format-quote .glyph{float:left;top:31px}.format-quote.sticky .glyph{top:47px}.format-quote h1,.format-quote .postdata{text-align:right}span.quote-glyph{font-family:"Times New Roman",Georgia,Arial,serif;font-size:1000%}span.quote-glyph a span.no-title{position:relative;top:10px}.sticky span.quote-glyph a span.no-title{top:0}.format-status .glyph{float:left;top:16px}.format-status.sticky .glyph{right:3px;top:16px}.format-status h1,.format-status .postdata{text-align:right}span.status-glyph{font-family:"Times New Roman",Georgia,Arial,serif;font-size:500%}.format-link .glyph{float:left;top:16px}.format-link.sticky .glyph{right:3px;top:16px}.format-link h1,.format-link .postdata{text-align:right}span.link-glyph{font-family:"Times New Roman",Georgia,Arial,serif;font-size:500%}.wp-caption img.size-full{max-width:570px;height:auto}img{height:auto;max-width:100%;padding:0}p a img{border:none}.alignleft,.left{float:left}.alignright,.right{float:right}.wp-caption{background-color:#f3f3f3;border:1px solid #59350b;padding-top:4px;max-width:578px;text-align:center;-moz-border-radius:3px;-khtml-border-radius:3px;-webkit-border-radius:3px;-border-radius:3px}.wp-caption.aligncenter{margin:10px auto}.wp-caption.alignleft,.wp-caption.left{margin-right:10px}.wp-caption.alignright,.wp-caption.right{margin-left:10px}.wp-caption img{border:0 none;height:auto;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:99%}dl.gallery-item{border:none;margin:0}.gallery-columns-4 img{height:auto;max-width:139px}.gallery-columns-5 img{height:auto;max-width:110px}.gallery-columns-6 img{height:auto;max-width:89px}.gallery-columns-7 img{height:auto;max-width:77px}.gallery-columns-8 img{height:auto;max-width:66px}.gallery-columns-9 img{height:auto;max-width:59px}.gallery-columns-10 img{height:auto;max-width:55px}#comments-main{margin-top:10px}#comments-main div#respond p.not-logged-in{left:180px;position:relative;top:-25px}.commentlist{padding:0;text-align:justify}ul#singlecomments.commentlist{list-style:none none;margin:0;padding:0}ul#singlecomments.commentlist li{margin-top:0;padding-left:10px;padding-top:10px}ul.sub-menu,ul.children{list-style:none none;margin:0;padding:0}ul.sub-menu li,ul.children li{background-image:none;list-style:disc inside none}ul.children li.comment{list-style:none outside none}ul.sub-menu li.cat-item,ul.children li.cat-item{margin-bottom:-10px}.comment-body{padding-right:10px}.comment-body ul li{list-style:disc inside none}.comment-body ol li{list-style:decimal inside none}.comment-body ol li li{list-style:lower-roman inside none}.comment-body ol li li li{list-style:lower-alpha inside none}.page .comment-body ol li{list-style:decimal inside none}.page .comment-body ol li li{list-style:lower-roman inside none}.page .comment-body ol li li li{list-style:lower-alpha inside none}.comment-meta,.commentmetadata{font-size:65%;padding-top:2px}#commentform{font-size:110%;padding-top:30px}#commentform p{margin:2px;padding:6px 0}#commentform input{background:#fff;border:1px solid #b2b0a4;font-size:100%;margin-top:3px;padding:5px;width:200px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-khtml-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;-border-radius:5px}#commentform textarea{background:#fff;border:1px solid #b2b0a4;font-size:100%;margin-top:3px;padding:5px;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:auto;-moz-border-radius:5px;-khtml-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;-border-radius:5px}#commentform #submit{cursor:pointer}p.form-allowed-tags code{background:0 0}p.must-log-in,a#cancel-comment-reply-link{left:30px;position:relative;top:30px}.nocomments{margin:0;padding:0;text-align:center}.odd,.comment-text-1{background:#f2f2f2;border:1px solid #b2b0a4;margin-top:1px}.even,.comment-text-2{background:#fff;border:1px solid #b2b0a4;margin-top:1px}.administrator-prime,.user-id-1{background:#e5dfcf url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/bns-author.png);border:1px solid #7e7d75;margin-top:1px}.jellybeen,.user-id-2{background:#e5dfcf url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/jb-author.png) center;border:1px solid #7e7d75;margin-top:1px}.reply{font-size:75%;padding-bottom:5px}a.comment-reply-link{font-size:85%;font-weight:700}.comment-author{color:#2b2d2f;font-size:138%}.comment-author a:link,.comment-author a:visited,.comment-author a:active{border-bottom:1px solid #d21600;color:#d21600;text-decoration:none}.comment-author a:hover{border-bottom:1px solid #b2b0a4;color:#635537;text-decoration:none}.pingback .comment-author,.pingback .comment-meta{text-align:right}.pingback .comment-author{font-size:100%}.comment-date{color:#888;font-size:65%;margin-left:2px;margin-top:3px}#comments{background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/comment-h3.png) no-repeat;color:#271b03;font-size:143%;font-weight:400;height:88px;margin-bottom:10px;padding:30px 0 0 30px;width:175px}h4#comments{font-size:120%;font-weight:400;padding:25px 0 0 20px}#respond{background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/comment-h3.png) no-repeat;color:#271b03;clear:both;font-family:Verdana,Trebuchet,Helvetica,Arial,Jamrul,sans-serif;margin-top:35px}#respond h3{font-size:120%;font-weight:400;padding:25px 0 0 20px}.comment-body div.comment-author img.avatar+cite.fn,.comment-body div.comment-author img.avatar+cite.fn+span.says{position:relative;top:-25px}form#commentform p.form-submit{text-align:right}form#commentform p.form-submit input#submit{-moz-border-radius:10px;-khtml-border-radius:10px;-webkit-border-radius:10px;-border-radius:10px}fieldset{border:1px solid #b2b0a4;padding:15px;width:550px}legend{color:#635537;font-size:125%;font-weight:400}label{color:#635537;font-weight:400;line-height:normal;padding-top:4px}input,textarea{border:1px solid #b2b0a4;padding:0 4px 0 3px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-khtml-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;-border-radius:5px}input#s.form-input{margin-left:10px;text-align:center;width:224px}#main-blog input#s.form-input{margin:0 auto}#main-blog input#s{width:25em}#main-blog .search-submit{font-size:90%;margin:1px 0 0;padding:2px}input:focus,textarea:focus{border:1px solid #000;padding:1px 0}textarea{min-height:84px;width:98%}.form-input{background:#faf6f6;border:1px solid #e3dccb;color:#666;font-size:90%;margin:65px 10px 10px 37px;padding:2px;width:100%}.form-input:focus{background:#f2f0f0;border:1px solid #b5b4b2}p.comment-notes{font-size:95%}p.comment-form-author span.required{padding:0 10px 0 12px}p.comment-form-email span.required{padding:0 10px 0 15px}p.comment-form-url label{padding-right:21px}p.form-allowed-tags{font-size:90%;font-style:italic}#sidebar{width:305px;position:relative;float:left;margin:-20px 0 0 -8px}#sidebar-top{background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/sidebartop1.png) no-repeat;height:90px;min-height:90px}#sidebar-content{background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/sidebarmid1.png) repeat-y;font-size:90%;padding:9px 30px 30px}#subcolumn{width:255px}#subcolumn ul{list-style:none none}#wp-calendar{empty-cells:show;font-size:85%;font-weight:700;margin:0;padding:0;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;width:200px}.widget div table#wp-calendar thead tr th{font-weight:400;padding:0 2px}.widget div table#wp-calendar tbody tr td{padding:0 6px}.widget div table#wp-calendar thead tr th{text-align:center}form#searchform{text-align:center}label.hidden,label.screen-reader-text{display:none}li#search.widget{background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/searchbck.png) no-repeat scroll 0 5px transparent}li.widget #search-submit,.search-submit{background:#faf6f6;border:1px solid #e3dccb;color:#666;font-size:75%;width:85px}li.widget div#search-container input#s{background:#faf6f6;border:1px solid #e3dccb;color:#666;margin:0 0 5px 30px;width:190px}li.widget input#search-submit,input.search-submit{-moz-border-radius:5px;-khtml-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;-border-radius:5px}#calendar_wrap{margin-left:55px}.widget{background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/widgetbck.png) repeat-y;border-bottom:1px solid #e3dccb;margin:10px 0 20px 4px;padding-bottom:10px;width:252px}.widget h2{background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/widgeth2.png) no-repeat;color:#4a4131;height:auto;line-height:32px;padding:22px 0 0;text-align:center}.widget ul{border:none;list-style:none;padding:5px 0}.widget ol{border:none;list-style:none;margin:0 0 15px;padding:5px 0}.widget li{list-style-image:none}.widget ul li{background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/listseparator.png) no-repeat 25% 100%;list-style:none inside;margin:0;padding:5px 15px 10px}.widget ol li{background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/listseparator.png) no-repeat 25% 100%;margin:0;padding:5px 15px 10px}.widget ul li>ul li,.widget ul li>ol li,.widget ol li>ul li,.widget ol li>ol li{background:0 0}.widget ul li a{color:#d21600;text-decoration:none}.widget ol li a{color:#d21600;text-decoration:none}.widget ul li a:hover{color:#635537;text-decoration:none}.widget ol li a:hover{color:#635537;text-decoration:none}.widget p{padding-left:5px}.widget select{left:10px;position:relative;width:235px}.textwidget{font-size:90%;padding:0 8px}.widget #wp-calendar{empty-cells:show;font-size:85%;font-weight:700;margin:0 auto;padding:0;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;width:200px}.widget table#wp-calendar{margin:0 auto}.widget #calendar_wrap{margin:0 auto}#sidebar-bottom{background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/sidebarbottom1.png) no-repeat;height:37px;margin-left:-1px;min-height:37px;text-align:right}#bottom{background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/footer.png) no-repeat;height:100px}#bottom p{clear:both;padding-top:100px;text-align:center}#bottom-extended{background:url(//blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/main-page-middle.png) repeat-y;left:-2px;margin:0 auto;position:relative;text-align:center;width:977px}#bottom-container{left:25px;position:relative;width:910px}ul.aktt_tweet_digest li{padding-bottom:5px}#commentluv{float:right;padding-right:5px}#dtreec{padding:0 0 0 20px}#dtreea{padding:0 0 0 20px}img#wpstats{display:none}#akismetstats{margin:0 auto}div.post div.sharing{clear:both}body>iframe[src="about:blank"]{display:none}.bns-login{font-style:italic;text-align:center}#bns-logged-in{font-weight:700}#bns-logged-out{font-weight:lighter}.widget .post{margin:10px}.widget .post{margin:10px}.bns-support-shortcode .widget.bns-support h2.widgettitle{background:0 0}.bns-support-shortcode .widget.bns-support{background:0 0;width:100%}.bns-support-shortcode ul li ul{margin-bottom:0;padding:0}.post .twitter-tweet-rendered{width:100% !important} img:is([sizes=auto i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px} img.wp-smiley,img.emoji{display:inline !important;border:none !important;box-shadow:none !important;height:1em !important;width:1em !important;margin:0 .07em !important;vertical-align:-.1em !important;background:0 0 !important;padding:0 !important} :root{--wp-block-synced-color:#7a00df;--wp-block-synced-color--rgb:122,0,223;--wp-bound-block-color:var(--wp-block-synced-color);--wp-editor-canvas-background:#ddd;--wp-admin-theme-color:#007cba;--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb:0,124,186;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10:#006ba1;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10--rgb:0,107,160.5;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20:#005a87;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20--rgb:0,90,135;--wp-admin-border-width-focus:2px}@media (min-resolution:192dpi){:root{--wp-admin-border-width-focus:1.5px}}.wp-element-button{cursor:pointer}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal)}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge)}:root .has-text-align-center{text-align:center}:root .has-text-align-left{text-align:left}:root .has-text-align-right{text-align:right}.has-fit-text{white-space:nowrap!important}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.screen-reader-text{word-wrap:normal!important;border:0;clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-color]){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-color]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-color]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-color]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-color]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-width]){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-width]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-width]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-width]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-width]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}} .is-small-text{font-size:.875em}.is-regular-text{font-size:1em}.is-large-text{font-size:2.25em}.is-larger-text{font-size:3em}.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter {float:left;font-size:8.4em;font-style:normal;font-weight:100;line-height:.68;margin:.05em .1em 0 0;text-transform:uppercase}body.rtl .has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter {float:none;margin-left:.1em}p.has-drop-cap.has-background{overflow:hidden}:root :where(p.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}:where(p.has-text-color:not(.has-link-color)) a{color:inherit}p.has-text-align-left[style*="writing-mode:vertical-lr"],p.has-text-align-right[style*="writing-mode:vertical-rl"]{rotate:180deg} .wp-block-quote{box-sizing:border-box;overflow-wrap:break-word}.wp-block-quote.is-large:where(:not(.is-style-plain)),.wp-block-quote.is-style-large:where(:not(.is-style-plain)){margin-bottom:1em;padding:0 1em}.wp-block-quote.is-large:where(:not(.is-style-plain)) p,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large:where(:not(.is-style-plain)) p{font-size:1.5em;font-style:italic;line-height:1.6}.wp-block-quote.is-large:where(:not(.is-style-plain)) cite,.wp-block-quote.is-large:where(:not(.is-style-plain)) footer,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large:where(:not(.is-style-plain)) cite,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large:where(:not(.is-style-plain)) footer{font-size:1.125em;text-align:right}.wp-block-quote>cite{display:block} /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} .components-placeholder.ms-loader{position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:3;top:0;left:0;background:rgba(243,243,244,.83);min-height:50px}.wp-block-metaslider-slider iframe{transition:height .6s;width:100%}.ms-preview{position:relative}.ms-preview__trigger{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}.components-base-control.ms-loading .is-active.spinner{margin-top:-2px;float:none;margin-left:0}.ms-plugin-link{display:block;padding:15px;border-top:1px solid #e2e4e7;border-bottom:1px solid #e2e4e7;margin-left:-16px;margin-right:-16px;margin-top:17px}.ms-edit-current-slideshow{position:relative;float:right;margin-top:-11px;font-size:.95em}.ms-edit-current-slideshow:before{content:"\f474";font-family:dashicons;position:absolute;left:-19px;transform:rotate(90deg);color:#ccc;font-size:1.2em}.wp-block-metaslider-slider.placeholder-loading+.wp-block-metaslider-slider{display:none}.wp-block-metaslider-slider{transition:height .3s} :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square:1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3:4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4:3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2:3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3:2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9:16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16:9/16;--wp--preset--color--black:#000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray:#abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white:#fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink:#f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red:#cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange:#ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber:#fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan:#7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan:#00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue:#8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue:#0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple:#9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,#0693e3 0%,#9b51e0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan:linear-gradient(135deg,#7adcb4 0%,#00d082 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange:linear-gradient(135deg,#fcb900 0%,#ff6900 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red:linear-gradient(135deg,#ff6900 0%,#cf2e2e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray:linear-gradient(135deg,#eee 0%,#a9b8c3 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum:linear-gradient(135deg,#4aeadc 0%,#9778d1 20%,#cf2aba 40%,#ee2c82 60%,#fb6962 80%,#fef84c 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffceec 0%,#9896f0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux:linear-gradient(135deg,#fecda5 0%,#fe2d2d 50%,#6b003e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffcb70 0%,#c751c0 50%,#4158d0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean:linear-gradient(135deg,#fff5cb 0%,#b6e3d4 50%,#33a7b5 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass:linear-gradient(135deg,#caf880 0%,#71ce7e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381 0%,#2874fc 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small:13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium:20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large:36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large:42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20:.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30:.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40:1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50:1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60:2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70:3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80:5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural:6px 6px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep:12px 12px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp:6px 6px 0px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined:6px 6px 0px -3px #fff,6px 6px #000;--wp--preset--shadow--crisp:6px 6px 0px #000}:where(body){margin:0}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap:.5em}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap:.5em}body .is-layout-flex{display:flex}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}.is-layout-flex>:is(*,div){margin:0}body .is-layout-grid{display:grid}.is-layout-grid>:is(*,div){margin:0}body{padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0}:root :where(.wp-element-button,.wp-block-button__link){background-color:#32373c;border-width:0;color:#fff;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;line-height:inherit;padding-top:calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-right:calc(1.333em + 2px);padding-bottom:calc(0.667em + 2px);padding-left:calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration:none;text-transform:inherit}.has-black-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important}.has-white-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important}.has-pale-pink-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important}.has-vivid-red-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-purple-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important}.has-black-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important}.has-white-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important}.has-black-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important}.has-white-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important}.has-small-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important}.has-medium-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important}.has-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important} #html div.arve,#html div.wp-block-nextgenthemes-arve-block,html div.arve,html div.wp-block-nextgenthemes-arve-block{display:block;margin-bottom:1.5em;transition-duration:.35s;transition-property:max-width,margin;transition-timing-function:ease-in-out;width:auto}#html div.arve.alignfull,#html div.wp-block-nextgenthemes-arve-block.alignfull,html div.arve.alignfull,html div.wp-block-nextgenthemes-arve-block.alignfull{max-width:100dvw!important}#html div.arve.alignleft,#html div.arve.alignright,#html div.wp-block-nextgenthemes-arve-block.alignleft,#html div.wp-block-nextgenthemes-arve-block.alignright,html div.arve.alignleft,html div.arve.alignright,html div.wp-block-nextgenthemes-arve-block.alignleft,html div.wp-block-nextgenthemes-arve-block.alignright{margin-top:.4em;width:100%}#html div.arve.alignleft,#html div.wp-block-nextgenthemes-arve-block.alignleft,html div.arve.alignleft,html div.wp-block-nextgenthemes-arve-block.alignleft{margin-right:1.5em}#html div.arve.alignright,#html div.wp-block-nextgenthemes-arve-block.alignright,html div.arve.alignright,html div.wp-block-nextgenthemes-arve-block.alignright{margin-left:1.5em}#html div.arve[data-provider=tiktok] .arve-embed,#html div.wp-block-nextgenthemes-arve-block[data-provider=tiktok] .arve-embed,html div.arve[data-provider=tiktok] .arve-embed,html div.wp-block-nextgenthemes-arve-block[data-provider=tiktok] .arve-embed{height:580px}#html .arve-inner,html .arve-inner{display:block;margin:0;padding:0;width:auto}#html .arve-embed,html .arve-embed{display:block;margin:0;max-height:100dvh;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:relative;width:100%}#html .arve-embed--has-aspect-ratio,html .arve-embed--has-aspect-ratio{aspect-ratio:16/9}#html .arve-embed--has-aspect-ratio:after,html .arve-embed--has-aspect-ratio:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}#html .arve-iframe,#html .arve-play-btn,#html .arve-thumbnail,html .arve-iframe,html .arve-play-btn,html .arve-thumbnail{border:0;bottom:0;height:100%!important;left:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%!important}#html .arve-video,html .arve-video{height:auto;margin:0;max-height:100dvh;padding:0;width:100%}#html .arve-iframe,#html .arve-video,html .arve-iframe,html .arve-video{background-color:#000}#html .arve-promote,html .arve-promote{text-align:end}.arve-debug{font-size:.88rem;overflow-x:auto}.arve-debug--dark{background-color:#111;color:#eee}.arve-debug:not(.arve-error>.arve-debug){padding:clamp(.5rem,2vw,2rem)}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){#html .arve,#html .wp-block-nextgenthemes-arve-block,html .arve,html .wp-block-nextgenthemes-arve-block{transition:none}}@supports(aspect-ratio:16/9){#html .arve-ar,#html .arve-embed--has-aspect-ratio:after,html .arve-ar,html .arve-embed--has-aspect-ratio:after{display:none}} /*! Flickity v2.0.2 http://flickity.metafizzy.co ---------------------------------------------- */ .flickity-enabled{position:relative}.flickity-enabled:focus{outline:0}.flickity-viewport{overflow:hidden;position:relative;height:100%}.flickity-slider{position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%}.flickity-enabled.is-draggable{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;tap-highlight-color:transparent;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.flickity-enabled.is-draggable .flickity-viewport{cursor:move;cursor:-webkit-grab;cursor:grab}.flickity-enabled.is-draggable .flickity-viewport.is-pointer-down{cursor:-webkit-grabbing;cursor:grabbing}.flickity-prev-next-button{position:absolute;top:50%;width:44px;height:44px;border:none;border-radius:50%;background:#fff;background:hsla(0,0%,100%,.75);cursor:pointer;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%)}.flickity-prev-next-button:hover{background:#fff}.flickity-prev-next-button:focus{outline:0;box-shadow:0 0 0 5px #09f}.flickity-prev-next-button:active{opacity:.6}.flickity-prev-next-button.previous{left:10px}.flickity-prev-next-button.next{right:10px}.flickity-rtl .flickity-prev-next-button.previous{left:auto;right:10px}.flickity-rtl .flickity-prev-next-button.next{right:auto;left:10px}.flickity-prev-next-button:disabled{opacity:.3;cursor:auto}.flickity-prev-next-button svg{position:absolute;left:20%;top:20%;width:60%;height:60%}.flickity-prev-next-button .arrow{fill:#333}.flickity-page-dots{position:absolute;width:100%;bottom:-25px;padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none;text-align:center;line-height:1}.flickity-rtl .flickity-page-dots{direction:rtl}.flickity-page-dots .dot{display:inline-block;width:10px;height:10px;margin:0 8px;background:#333;border-radius:50%;opacity:.25;cursor:pointer}.flickity-page-dots .dot.is-selected{opacity:1} .slideout-menu{position:fixed;left:0;top:0;bottom:0;right:auto;z-index:0;width:256px;overflow-y:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;display:none}.slideout-menu.pushit-right{left:auto;right:0}.slideout-panel{position:relative;z-index:1;will-change:transform}.slideout-open,.slideout-open .slideout-panel,.slideout-open body{overflow:hidden}.slideout-open .slideout-menu{display:block}.pushit{display:none} .recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important} body.custom-background{background-image:url("https://blogs.neuwirth.priv.at/bildungundstatistik/wp-content/themes/desk-mess-mirrored/images/marble-bg.png");background-position:left top;background-size:auto;background-repeat:repeat;background-attachment:scroll} .ios7.web-app-mode.has-fixed header{background-color:rgba(3,122,221,.88)} In der Diskussion um die PISA-Ergebnisse wird sehr wenig darüber gesprochen,dass bei Abwicklung des Tests eine ziemlich bedeutsame Änderung vorgenommen wurde:2012 mussten die getesteten Jugendlichen noch mit Arbeitsblättern aus Papier arbeiten,2015 wurde der Test auf Computern abgewickelt. Eine derartig radikale Umstellung des Testverfahrens kann natürlich auf die Ergebnisse einen starken Einfluss haben. Wir sehen uns daher die Testergebnisse in Hinblick auf möglicherweise dadurch verursachte Veränderungen genauer an. An PISA nehmen so verschiedene Länder wie Österreich,Indien,Japan und Mexiko teil. Da ist zu erwarten,dass es abgesehen von der Abwicklung des Tests noch weitere sehr große für PISA relevante Unterschiede gibt. Beschränken wir uns beim Vergleich auf die EU-Staaten. Es gibt derzeit 27 EU-Länder. Mit Ausnahme von Malta haben alle an PISA 2012 und PISA 2015 teilgenommen,wir untersuchen also 26 Länder. Sehen wir uns die Lese-Ergebnisse in diese Ländern (gegliedert nach Geschlecht) an.

Lese-Ergebnisse PISA 2012 und 2015 - EU-Staaten

Die drittletzte und die vorletzte Spalte zeigen die Geschlechterdifferenz beim Lesen für alle 26 Länder. In allen untersuchten Ländern schneiden die Mädchen in beiden Testperioden beim Lesen deutlich besser ab als die Buben,und die entsprechenden Punktedifferenzen sind teilweise dramatisch hoch (über 50 Punkte). Die letzte Spalte der Tabelle gibt an,wie sich der Geschlechterunterschied im Lesen von 2012 auf 2015 verändert hat,und da stellen wir fest,dass er in *allen* Ländern kleiner geworden ist,in 13 der 26 Länder um 15 oder mehr Punkte. In 15 der 26 Länder haben sich die Mädchen verschlechtert und die Buben verbessert. In 3 Ländern (Slowenien,Spanien und Schweden) haben sich die Mädchen zwar im Lesen verbessert,die Buben deutlich stärker;da die Buben überall im Lesen schlechter als die Mädchen sind,hat sich daher in diesen Ländern die Geschlechterdifferenz verringert. In 7 der 26 Länder (Belgien,Griechenland,Ungarn,Luxemburg,Niederlande,Polen und Slowakei) haben sich Buben und Mädchen verschlechtert,die Verschlechterung bei den Buben war aber kleiner als die bei den Mädchen,also hat auch in diesen Ländern die Geschlechterdifferenz abgenommen. Man kann wohl nicht davon ausgehen,dass die Verringerung der Geschlechterdifferenz im Lesen darauf zurückzuführen ist,dass alle diese 26 Länder gleichzeitig bildungspolitische Maßnahmen zur Verringerung dieser Geschlechterdifferenz wirksam umsetzen konnten. Eine deutlich plausiblere Erklärung erscheint da,dass sich die Umstellung von papierbasiertem auf computerbasiertes Testverfahren bei den Mädchen anders ausgewirkt hat als bei den Buben. Wenn das der Fall ist,dann bedeutet das,dass man bei Vergleichen von früheren mit den aktuellen PISA-Ergebnissen mit höchster Vorsicht umgehen muss. Wenn man ein Messverfahren ändert,dann kann man die gemessenen Werte nicht mehr ohne zusätzliche Analyse vergleichen. Die folgenden Tabellen zeigen,dass die Änderung der Testabwicklung in Mathematik und den Naturwissenschaften nicht so über die Länder hinweg homogene Auswirkungen auf die Geschlechterdifferenzen hatte.

Mathematik-Ergebnisse PISA 2012 und 2015
EU-Staaten

Naturwissenschaften-Ergebnisse PISA 2012 und 2015
EU-Staaten